PL/SQL ѧϰ±Ê¼Ç2
±äÁ¿ÉùÃ÷
Syntax:
identifier [CONSTANT] datatype [NOT NULL] [:= | DEFAULT expr];
SQL> declare
2 a date;
3 b number(20) not null :=100;
4 c varchar2(10);
5 d constant number(20) default 1000;
6 begin
7 null;
8 end;
9 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> var v_bind number
SQL> exec :v_bind := 2984;
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> r
1 declare
2 v_a number(20);
3 v_b constant number := 1000;
4 v_c constant number default 2000;
5 v_d varchar2(20) not null default 'asf';
6 begin
7 v_a := 2003;
8 dbms_output.put_line(v_a ||' '|| v_b ||' '|| v_c ||' ' || v_d || ' ' || '&a' || ' '||:v_bind) ;
9* end;
Enter value for a: 34567
old 8: dbms_output.put_line(v_a ||' '|| v_b ||' '|| v_c ||' ' || v_d || ' ' || '&a' || ' '||:v_bind) ;
new 8: dbms_output.put_line(v_a ||' '|| v_b ||' '|| v_c ||' ' || v_d || ' ' || '34567' || ' '||:v_bind) ;
2003 1000 2000 asf 34567 2984
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
Scalar ±êÁ¿ data type holds a single value and has no internal components.
number,
character,
date,
Boolean.
Character and number data types have subtypes that
associate a base type to a constraint. For example, INTEGERand POSITIVEare subtypes of the NUMBER
base type.
?CHAR [(maximum_length)]
? VARCHAR2(maximum_length)
? LONG
? LONG RAW
? NUMBER [(precision, scale)]
? BINARY_INTEGER
? PLS_INTEGER
? BOOLEAN
SQL> declare
2 v_job varchar2(20);
3 v_count binary_integer := 0;
4 v_total_sal number(9,2) := 0;
5 v_orderdate date := sysdate + 7;
6 c_tax_rate constant number(3,2) := 8.02;
7 v_valid boolean not null :=true;
8 begin
9 null;
10 end;
11 /
v_job: variable to store an employee job title
v_count: variable to count the iterations of a loop and initialized to 0
v_total_sal: variable to accumulate the total salary for a department and i
Ïà¹ØÎĵµ£º
È¡±íÀïnµ½mÌõ¼Í¼µÄ¼¸ÖÖ·½·¨:
1. Ö»ÐèÒª²éѯǰMÌõÊý¾Ý(0 to M),
1.1 ʹÓà top(M) ·½·¨:
select top(3) * from [tablename]
1.2 ʹÓà set rowcount ·½·¨:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/ms188774(SQL.90).aspx
set rowcount M
select * from [tablename]
set rowcount 0
ȨÏÞ ÒªÇó¾ßÓÐ public ......
MysqlµÄÓÅ»¯ÔÔò1£º
1¡¢Ê¹ÓÃË÷ÒýÀ´¸ü¿ìµØ±éÀú±í¡£
ȱʡÇé¿öϽ¨Á¢µÄË÷ÒýÊÇ·ÇȺ¼¯Ë÷Òý£¬µ«ÓÐʱËü²¢²»ÊÇ×î¼ÑµÄ¡£ÔÚ·ÇȺ¼¯Ë÷Òý
Ï£¬Êý¾ÝÔÚÎïÀíÉÏËæ»ú´æ·ÅÔÚÊý¾ÝÒ³ÉÏ¡£ºÏÀíµÄË÷ÒýÉè¼ÆÒª½¨Á¢ÔÚ
¶Ô¸÷ÖÖ²éѯµÄ·ÖÎöºÍÔ¤²âÉÏ¡£Ò»°ãÀ´Ëµ£º
a.ÓдóÁ¿Öظ´Öµ¡¢ÇÒ¾³£Óз¶Î§²éѯ£¨ > ,< £¬> =,< =£©ºÍorder by¡¢group by ......
SQLµÄÓÅ»¯Ó¦¸Ã´Ó5¸ö·½Ãæ½øÐе÷Õû£º
1.È¥µô²»±ØÒªµÄ´óÐͱíµÄÈ«±íɨÃè
2.»º´æÐ¡ÐͱíµÄÈ«±íɨÃè
3.¼ìÑéÓÅ»¯Ë÷ÒýµÄʹÓÃ
4.¼ìÑéÓÅ»¯µÄÁ¬½Ó¼¼Êõ
5.¾¡¿ÉÄܼõÉÙÖ´Ðмƻ®µÄCost
SQLÓï¾ä£º
ÊǶÔÊý¾Ý¿â(Êý¾Ý)½øÐвÙ×÷µÄΩһ;¾¶£»
ÏûºÄÁË70%~90%µÄÊý¾Ý¿â×ÊÔ´£»¶ÀÁ¢ÓÚ³ÌÐòÉè¼ÆÂß¼£¬Ïà¶ÔÓÚ¶Ô³ÌÐòÔ´´úÂëµÄÓÅ»¯£¬¶ÔSQLÓï¾äµÄÓÅ» ......
1. ²é¿´Êý¾Ý¿âµÄ°æ±¾
select @@version
2. ²é¿´Êý¾Ý¿âËùÔÚ»úÆ÷²Ù×÷ϵͳ²ÎÊý
exec master..xp_msver
3. ²é¿´Êý¾Ý¿âÆô¶¯µÄ²ÎÊý
sp_configure
4. ²é¿´Êý¾Ý¿âÆô¶¯Ê±¼ä
select convert(varchar(30),login_time,120) from master ......
ϱí˵Ã÷ÔÚ Microsoft SQL Server Êý¾Ý¿âÖж¨ÒåµÄ£¬»òÔÚ Transact-SQL
Óï¾äÖÐÒýÓõĸ÷ÖÖ¶ÔÏóµÄ×î´óÖµ£¨ÊýÁ¿»ò´óС£©¡£ÏÂ±í²»°üº¬ Microsoft® SQL Server 2000™ Windows® CE °æ¡£
×î´óÖµ£¨ÊýÁ¿»ò´óС£©
¶ÔÏó
SQL Server 7.0
SQL Server 2000
Åú´¦Àí´óС
65,536 * ÍøÂçÊý¾Ý°ü´óС1
65,536 * Í ......