SQL INSERT INTOµÄÓ÷¨
µ½Ä¿Ç°ÎªÖ¹£¬ÎÒÃÇѧµ½Á˽«ÈçºÎ°Ñ×ÊÁÏÓɱí¸ñÖÐÈ¡³ö¡£µ«ÊÇÕâЩ×ÊÁÏÊÇÈç¹û½øÈëÕâЩ±í¸ñµÄÄØ£¿ Õâ¾ÍÊÇÕâÒ»Ò³ (INSERT INTO) ºÍÏÂÒ»Ò³ (UPDATE) ÒªÌÖÂ۵ġ£
»ù±¾ÉÏ£¬ÎÒÃÇÓÐÁ½ÖÖ×÷·¨¿ÉÒÔ½«×ÊÁÏÊäÈë±í¸ñÖÐÄÚ¡£Ò»ÖÖÊÇÒ»´ÎÊäÈëÒ»±Ê£¬ÁíÒ»ÖÖÊÇÒ»´ÎÊäÈëºÃ¼¸±Ê¡£ ÎÒÃÇÏÈÀ´¿´Ò»´ÎÊäÈëÒ»±ÊµÄ·½Ê½¡£
ÒÀÕÕ¹ßÀý£¬ÎÒÃÇÏȽéÉÜÓï·¨¡£Ò»´ÎÊäÈëÒ»±Ê×ÊÁϵÄÓï·¨ÈçÏ£º
INSERT INTO "±í¸ñÃû" ("À¸Î»1", "À¸Î»2", ...)
VALUES ("Öµ1", "Öµ2", ...)
¼ÙÉèÎÒÃÇÓÐÒ»¸ö¼Ü¹¹Èçϵıí¸ñ£º
Store_Information ±í¸ñ
Column Name
Data Type
store_name
char(50)
Sales
float
Date
datetime
¶øÎÒÃÇÒª¼ÓÒÔϵÄÕâÒ»±Ê×ÊÁϽøÈ¥Õâ¸ö±í¸ñ£ºÔÚ January 10, 1999£¬Los Angeles µêÓÐ $900 µÄÓªÒµ¶î¡£ÎÒÃǾʹòÈëÒÔÏ嵀 SQL Óï¾ä£º
INSERT INTO Store_Information (store_name, Sales, Date)
VALUES ('Los Angeles', 900, 'Jan-10-1999')
µÚ¶þÖÖ INSERT INTO Äܹ»ÈÃÎÒÃÇÒ»´ÎÊäÈë¶à±ÊµÄ×ÊÁÏ¡£¸úÉÏÃæ¸ÕµÄÀý×Ó²»Í¬µÄÊÇ£¬ÏÖÔÚÎÒÃÇÒªÓà SELECT Ö¸ÁîÀ´Ö¸Ã÷ÒªÊäÈë±í¸ñµÄ×ÊÁÏ¡£Èç¹ûÄúÏë˵£¬ÕâÊDz»ÊÇ˵×ÊÁÏÊÇ´ÓÁíÒ»¸ö±í¸ñÀ´µÄ£¬ÄÇÄú¾ÍÏë¶ÔÁË¡£Ò»´ÎÊäÈë¶à±ÊµÄ×ÊÁϵÄÓï·¨ÊÇ£º
INSERT INTO "±í¸ñ1" ("À¸Î»1", "À¸Î»2", ...)
SELECT "À¸Î»3", "À¸Î»4", ...
from "±í¸ñ2"
ÒÔÉϵÄÓï·¨ÊÇ×î»ù±¾µÄ¡£ÕâÕû¾ä SQL Ò²¿ÉÒÔº¬ÓÐ WHERE¡¢ GROUP BY¡¢ ¼° HAVING µÈ×Ӿ䣬ÒÔ¼°±í¸ñÁ¬½Ó¼°±ðÃûµÈµÈ¡£
¾ÙÀýÀ´Ëµ£¬ÈôÎÒÃÇÏëÒª½« 1998 ÄêµÄÓªÒµ¶î×ÊÁÏ·ÅÈë Store_Information ±í¸ñ£¬¶øÎÒÃÇÖªµÀ×ÊÁϵÄÀ´Ô´ÊÇ¿ÉÒÔÓÉ Sales_Information ±í¸ñÈ¡µÃµÄ»°£¬ÄÇÎÒÃǾͿÉÒÔ´òÈëÒÔÏ嵀 SQL£º
INSERT INTO Store_Information (store_name, Sales, Date)
SELECT store_name, Sales, Date
from Sales_Information
WHERE Year(Date) = 1998
ÔÚÕâÀÎÒÓÃÁË SQL Server Öеĺ¯ÊýÀ´ÓÉÈÕÆÚÖÐÕÒ³öÄê¡£²»Í¬µÄÊý¾Ý¿â»áÓв»Í¬µÄÓï·¨¡£ ¾Ù¸öÀýÀ´Ëµ£¬ÔÚ Oracle ÉÏ£¬Äú½«»áʹÓà WHERE to_char(date,'yyyy')=1998¡£
Ïà¹ØÎĵµ£º
¼ÈÈ»Êý¾Ý¿âÖÐÓÐÐí¶à×ÊÁ϶¼ÊÇÒÑÊý×ÖµÄÐÍ̬´æÔÚ£¬Ò»¸öºÜÖØÒªµÄÓÃ;¾ÍÊÇÒªÄܹ»¶ÔÕâЩÊý×Ö×öһЩÔËË㣬ÀýÈ罫ËüÃÇ×ÜºÏÆðÀ´£¬»òÊÇÕÒ³öËüÃÇµÄÆ½¾ùÖµ¡£SQL ÓÐÌṩһЩÕâÒ»ÀàµÄº¯Êý¡£ËüÃÇÊÇ£º
AVG (ƽ¾ù)
COUNT (¼ÆÊý)
MAX (×î´óÖµ)
MIN (×îСֵ)
SUM (×ܺÏ)
ÔËÓú¯ÊýµÄÓï·¨ÊÇ£º
SELECT "º¯ÊýÃû"("À¸Î»Ãû")
from "± ......
ÏÖÔÚÎÒÃǽéÉÜÁ¬½Ó(join)µÄ¸ÅÄî¡£ÒªÁ˽âÁ¬½Ó£¬ÎÒÃÇÐèÒªÓõ½Ðí¶àÎÒÃÇ֮ǰÒѽéÉܹýµÄÖ¸Áî¡£ ÎÒÃÇÏȼÙÉèÎÒÃÇÓÐÒÔϵÄÁ½¸ö±í¸ñ£¬
Store_Information ±í¸ñ
store_name
Sales
Date
Los Angeles
$1500
Jan-05-1999
San Diego
$250
Jan-07-1999
Los Angeles
$300
Jan-08-1999
Boston
$700
Jan-08-199 ......
ºÍ UNION Ö¸ÁîÀàËÆ£¬ INTERSECT Ò²ÊǶÔÁ½¸ö SQL Óï¾äËù²úÉúµÄ½á¹û×ö´¦ÀíµÄ¡£²»Í¬µÄµØ·½ÊÇ£¬ UNION »ù±¾ÉÏÊÇÒ»¸ö OR (Èç¹ûÕâ¸öÖµ´æÔÚÓÚµÚÒ»¾ä»òÊǵڶþ¾ä£¬Ëü¾Í»á±»Ñ¡³ö)£¬¶ø INTERSECT Ôò±È½ÏÏñ AND ( Õâ¸öÖµÒª´æÔÚÓÚµÚÒ»¾äºÍµÚ¶þ¾ä²Å»á±»Ñ¡³ö)¡£ UNION ÊÇÁª¼¯£¬¶ø INTERSECT Êǽ»¼¯¡£
INTERSECT µÄÓï·¨ÈçÏ£º
[SQLÓï¾ä ......
ÍâÀ´¼üÊÇÒ»¸ö(»òÊý¸ö)Ö¸ÏòÁíÍâÒ»¸ö±í¸ñÖ÷¼üµÄÀ¸Î»¡£ÍâÀ´¼üµÄÄ¿µÄÊÇÈ·¶¨×ÊÁϵIJο¼ÍêÕûÐÔ(referential integrity)¡£»»ÑÔÖ®£¬Ö»Óб»×¼ÐíµÄ×ÊÁÏÖµ²Å»á±»´æÈë×ÊÁÏ¿âÄÚ¡£
¾ÙÀýÀ´Ëµ£¬¼ÙÉèÎÒÃÇÓÐÁ½¸ö±í¸ñ£ºÒ»¸ö CUSTOMER ±í¸ñ£¬ÀïÃæ¼Ç¼ÁËËùÓй˿͵Ä×ÊÁÏ£»ÁíÒ»¸ö ORDERS ±í¸ñ£¬ÀïÃæ¼Ç¼ÁËËùÓй˿Ͷ©¹ºµÄ×ÊÁÏ¡£ÔÚÕâÀïµÄÒ»¸öÏÞÖÆ£¬ ......
ÓÐʱºòÎÒÃÇ»á¾ö¶¨ÎÒÃÇÐèÒª´ÓÊý¾Ý¿âÖÐÇå³ýÒ»¸ö±í¸ñ¡£ÊÂʵÉÏ£¬Èç¹ûÎÒÃDz»ÄÜÕâÑù×öµÄ»°£¬Äǽ«»áÊÇÒ»¸öºÜ´óµÄÎÊÌ⣬ÒòΪÊý¾Ý¿â¹ÜÀíʦ (Database Administrator -- DBA) ÊÆ±ØÎÞ·¨¶ÔÊý¾Ý¿â×öÓÐЧÂʵĹÜÀí¡£»¹ºÃ£¬SQL ÓÐÌṩһ¸ö DROP TABLEµÄÓï·¨À´ÈÃÎÒÃÇÇå³ý±í¸ñ¡£ DROP TABLE µÄÓï·¨ÊÇ£º
DROP TABLE "±í¸ñÃû"
ÎÒÃÇÈç¹ûÒªÇå³ ......