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create table t1
(
  id int,
  id2 int(4)
);
insert t1 select 1,2;
select * from t1;
+------+------+
| id   | id2  |
+------+------+
|    1 |    2 |
+------+------+
alter table t1 modify id int zerofill;
alter table t1 modify id2(4) int zerofill;
select * from t1;
+------------+------------+
| id         | id2        |
+------------+------------+
| 0000000001 | 0002      |
+------------+------------+
insert t1 select 1,11111;
Select * from t1;
+------------+------------+
| id         | id2        |
+------------+------------+
| 0000000001 | 0002 |
| 0000000001 | 11111 |
+------------+------------+
insert t1 select -1,-2;
+-------+------+---------------------------------------------+
| Level | Code | Message                                     |
+-------+------+---------------------------------------------+
| Error | 1264 | Out of range value