¡¾×ªÌûLINUX¡¿netfilterÖеÄconntrackÄÚºËÔĶÁ±Ê¼Ç(3)
2008-07-07 22:06
PREROUTING£ºip_conntrack_defrag à ip_conntrack_in
1£¬ip_conntrack_defrag:
ͨ³£µ±IP±¨Îı»ËÍÖÁL4²ã´¦Àíʱ£¬Èç¹û¸Ã±¨ÎÄÊÇ·ÖÆ¬±¨ÎÄ£¬ÄÇô±¨ÎľͻáÏȱ»±£´æÆðÀ´£¬Ö±µ½ËùÓÐ·ÖÆ¬µ½´ïºóÖØ×é³ÉÒ»¸öÍêÕû±¨Îĺó£¬ÔÙ±»·Ö·¢µ½L4²ã¡£µ±Ã»ÓÐÆô¶¯conntrackʱ£¬netfilter¸÷HOOKµã¶Ô±¨ÎIJÙ×÷ʱ£¬²¢²»¼ì²é¸Ã±¨ÎÄÊÇ·ñ·ÖƬ£»µ«ÊÇÈç¹ûÆô¶¯conntrack¹¦ÄÜ£¬Ôò±ØÐë±£Ö¤½øÈënetfilter HOOKµãµÄ±¨ÎÄÊÇÒ»¸öÍêÕûµÄ±¨ÎÄ£¬Òò´Ëip_conntrack_defragÒ»°ã´¦ÓÚ×îǰ¶ËµÄHOOK£¬¸ºÔð½«·ÖÆ¬±¨ÎÄÖØ×é¡£
/* Èô±¨ÎÄ·ÖÆ¬£¬Ôò µ÷ÓÃip_ct_gather_frags ×é×°±¨ÎÄ£¬Èç¹ûËùÓÐ·ÖÆ¬¾ùÒѵ½´ï£¬pskbÖ¸ÏòÐÂÉú³ÉµÄ±¨ÎÄ£¬¼ÌÐøÑØ×ÅHOOKÁ´½øÐÐÏÂÒ»²½´¦Àí£»·ñÔòΪ¿Õ£¬±¨Îı»»º´æµÈ´ýÏÂÒ»·ÖƬµ½À´*/
if ((*pskb)->nh.iph->frag_off & htons(IP_MF|IP_OFFSET)) {
*pskb = ip_ct_gather_frags(*pskb,
hooknum == NF_IP_PRE_ROUTING ?
IP_DEFRAG_CONNTRACK_IN :
IP_DEFRAG_CONNTRACK_OUT);
if (!*pskb)
return NF_STOLEN;
}
return NF_ACCEPT;
ip_ct_gather_fragsÖ±½Óµ÷ÓÃip_defrag´¦ÀíIP·ÖƬ±¨ÎÄ¡£¶ÔÓÚ·ÖÆ¬±¨ÎĵÄÖØ×éÖ÷ÒªÔÚip_fragment.cÖÐÍê³É¡£
3, resolve_normal_ct£º
resolve_normal_ctÔÚÈ«¾ÖÁ¬½Ó±íÖУ¬²éÕÒÓë¸Ã±¨ÎÄÏàÓ¦µÄÁ¬½Ó״̬£¬·µ»ØµÄÊÇip_conntrackµÄÖ¸Õ룬ÓÃÓÚÃèÊöºÍ¼Ç¼Á¬½ÓµÄ״̬£»Èô¸ÃÁ¬½ÓÉв»´æÔÚ£¬Ôò´´½¨ÏàÓ¦µÄ½á¹¹£¬²¢½øÐгõʼ»¯£¬ÉèÖÃÁ¬½Ó״̬¡£
/*1,½«Êý¾Ý°üµÄÄÚÈÝת»¯³ÉÏàÓ¦µÄtuple£¬¶ÔÓÚºÍÐÒéÏà¹ØµÄ²¿·Ö£¬Èç¶Ë¿Ú£¬Ôòµ÷ÓÃÏà¹ØÐÒéµÄ´¦Àíº¯Êýpkt_to_tuple*/
if (!ip_ct_get_tuple(skb->nh.iph, skb, skb->nh.iph->ihl*4,
Ïà¹ØÎĵµ£º
linux—selectÏê½â
selectϵͳµ÷ÓÃʱÓÃÀ´ÈÃÎÒÃǵijÌÐò¼àÊÓ¶à¸öÎļþ¾ä±úµÄ״̬±ä»¯µÄ¡£³ÌÐò»áÍ£ÔÚselectÕâÀïµÈ´ý£¬Ö±µ½±»¼àÊÓµÄÎļþ¾ä±úÓÐÒ»¸ö»ò¶à¸ö·¢ÉúÁË״̬¸Ä±ä¡£
¹ØÓÚÎļþ¾ä±ú£¬Æäʵ¾ÍÊÇÒ»¸öÕûÊý£¬Í¨¹ýsocketº¯ÊýµÄÉùÃ÷¾ÍÃ÷°×ÁË£º
int socket(int domain, int type, int protocol);
ÎÒÃÇ×îÊìϤµÄ¾ä±úÊÇ0¡¢1¡¢2 ......
Ò»¸öСÀúÊ·½«ÓÐÖúÓÚ°ïÖúÄúÀí½â Security-Enhanced Linux£¨SELinux£©——¶øÇÒËü±¾ÉíÒ²ÊǶÎÓÐȤµÄÀúÊ·¡£
ÃÀ¹ú¹ú¼Ò°²È«¾Ö
£¨National
Security
Agency£¬NSA£©³¤Ê±¼äÒÔÀ´¾Í¹Ø×¢´ó²¿·Ö²Ù×÷ϵͳÖÐÊÜÏ޵ݲȫÄÜÁ¦¡£±Ï¾¹£¬ËûÃǵŤ×÷Ö®Ò»¾ÍÊÇҪȷ±£ÃÀ¹ú¹ú·À²¿Ê¹ÓõļÆËã»úÔÚà ......
“Sudo”ÊÇUnix/Linuxƽ̨ÉϵÄÒ»¸ö·Ç³£ÓÐÓõŤ¾ß£¬ËüÔÊÐíϵͳ¹ÜÀíÔ±·ÖÅ䏸ÆÕͨÓû§Ò»Ð©ºÏÀíµÄ“ȨÀû”£¬ÈÃËûÃÇÖ´ÐÐһЩֻÓг¬¼¶Óû§»òÆäËûÌØÐíÓû§²ÅÄÜÍê³ÉµÄÈÎÎñ£¬±ÈÈ磺ÔËÐÐһЩÏñmount£¬halt£¬suÖ®ÀàµÄÃüÁ»òÕß±à¼Ò»Ð©ÏµÍ³ÅäÖÃÎļþ£¬Ïñ/etc/mtab£¬/etc/samba/smb.confµÈ¡£ÕâÑùÒÔÀ´£¬¾Í²»½ö¼õÉÙÁ ......
4. Threads
To use the POSIX standard thread API (pthreads), link libpthread.so
to your program.
4.1. Thread Creation
Each thread in a process is identified by a thread ID,
pthread_t.
The pthread_self function returns the thread ID of the current
thread.
This thread IDs can be compared ......
apacheµÄÔ´Âë°²×°
½«Ñ¹Ëõ°ü½âѹ֮ºó½øÈëÏàÓ¦µÄĿ¼
./configure \ #--------------------Ô¤±àÒëÃüÁî
"--prefix=/usr/local/apache" \ #--------------------°²×°Â·¾¶Îª“/usr/local/apache”
"--with-included-apr" \
"--enable-so" \ #--------------------¿ªÆôÏàÓ¦µÄÀ©Õ¹Ä£¿é ......