Linux Versions and Patches
Linux version
[1] 2.6.10
2.6 version number, 10 release number
[2] 2.6.10 and 2.6.11
They can differ significantly even in core components and in fundamental algorithms
[3] 2.6.11.12
when a new kernel release appears, it is potentially unstable and buggy. To address this problem, the kernel developers may release patched versions of any kernel, which are identified by a fourth number in the version numbering scheme
Which patch to apply which Release?
[1] Stable kernel patches apply to the base kernel version.
patch-2.6.17.10 --> linux-2.6.17 = linux-2.6.17.10
patch-2.6.17.10 -/-> linux-2.6.17.9
[2] base kernel release patches only apply to the previous base kernel version.
patch-2.6.18 --> linux-2.6.17 = linux-2.6.18
patch-2.6.18 -/-> linux-2.6.17.2
[3] incremental patches upgrade from a specific release to the next release
patch-2.6.17.10-11 --> linux-2.6.17.10 = linux-2.6.17.11
An example
How to go from the 2.6.17.9 kernel release, to the 2.6.17.11 release?
Finding the incremental patches http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v2.6/incr/
patch-2.6.17.9-10 --> linux-2.6.17.9 = linux-2.6.17.10
patch-2.6.17.10-11 --> linux-2.6.17.10 = linux-2.6.17.11
相关文档：
/*
* 该文件实现系统调用read，write和lseek。
*/
/*
* linux/fs/read_write.c
*
* (C) 1991 Linus Torvalds
*/
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include < ......
1. linux下启动oracle
su - oracle
sqlplus /nolog
conn /as sysdba
startup
exit
lsnrctl start
exit
2. linux下关闭oracle
su - oracle
sqlplus /nolog
conn /as sysdba
shutdown immediate
exit
lsnrctl stop
exit
可以使用lsnrctl 进去后用status查看状态，类似：
lsnrctl
status
http://hi.baidu.c ......
当执行
ls -l
或
ls -al
命令后显示的结果中，最前面的第
2
～
10
个字符是用来表示权限。第一个字符一般用来区分文件和目录：
d
：表示是一个目录，事实上在
ext2fs
中，目录是一个特殊的文件。
－：表示这是一个普通的文件。
l:
表示 ......
