JAVA异常总结 继承

以下是对JAVA异常的继承机制的一些总结。
1. RuntimeException与Exception, Error不同点： 当方法体中抛出非RuntimeException（及其子类）时，方法名必须声明抛出的异常；但是当方法体中抛出RuntimeException（包括RuntimeException子类）时，方法名不必声明该可能被抛出的异常，即使声明了，JAVA程序在某个调用的地方，也不需要try-catch从句来处理异常。
class TestA{
//compiles fine.we don't need to claim the RuntimeException to be thrown here
void method(){
throw new RuntimeException();
}
}
class TestB{
void method() throws RuntimeException{
throw new RuntimeException();
}

void invokeMethod(){
//compiles fine. we don't need the try-catch clause here
method();
}
}
class TestC{

//compiles error.we need to claim the Exception to be thrown on the method name
void method(){
throw new Exception();
}
}
class TestD{
//compiles fine.
void method() throws Exception{
throw new Exception();
}
}
以下所有的相关异常的特性都不包括RuntimeException及其子类。
2. 假如一个方法在父类中没有声明抛出异常，那么，子类覆盖该方法的时候，不能声明异常。
class TestA{
void method(){}
}
class TestB extends TestA{

//complies error if the method overrided pertaining to the base class doesn't declare throwing exceptions
void method() throws Exception{
throw new Exception();
}
}
 
3. 假如一个方法在父类中声明了抛出异常，子类覆盖该方法的时候，要么不声明抛出异常，要么声明被抛出的异常继承自它所覆盖的父类中的方法抛出的异常。
class TestA{
void method() throws RuntimeException{}
}
class TestB extends TestA{
//compiles fine if current method does not throw any exceptions
void method(){}
}
class TestC extends TestA{
//compiles fine because NullPointerException is inherited from RuntimeException which is thrown by the overrided method of the base class
void method() throws NullPointerException{}
}
class TestD extends TestA{
//compiles error because Exception thrown by current method is not inherited from RuntimeException which is thr